罗马景点详细介绍
❶ 罗马旅游景点有哪些
斗兽场、万神殿、威尼斯广场、真理之口、西班牙广场、圣天使堡、特莱维喷泉。。。
还有国中国梵蒂冈，圣彼得大教堂、梵蒂冈博物馆等
❷ 罗马景点的英文介绍
竞技场 (The Colosseum or Coliseum)
The Colosseum or Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering.
Occupying a site just east of the Roman Forum, its construction started between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made ring Domitian's reign (81–96).[1] The name "Amphitheatrum Flavium" derives from both Vespasian's and Titus' family name ("Flavius, from the gens Flavia).
Originally capable of seating around 50,000 spectators, the Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. It remained in use for nearly 500 years with the last recorded games being held there as late as the 6th century – well after the traditional date of the fall of Rome in 476. As well as the traditional gladiatorial games, many other public spectacles were held there, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building eventually ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such varied purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry and a Christian shrine.
Although it is now in a ruined condition e to damage caused by earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum has long been seen as an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. Today it is one of modern Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the amphitheatre.
The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five euro-cent coin.
The Colosseum's original Latin name was Amphitheatrum Flavium, often anglicized as Flavian Amphitheater. The building was constructed by emperors of the Flavian dynasty, hence its original name.[2] This name is still used frequently in modern English, but it is generally unknown.
The name Colosseum has long been believed to be derived from a colossal statue of Nero nearby.[1] This statue was later remodeled by Nero's successors into the likeness of Helios (Sol) or Apollo, the sun god, by adding the appropriate solar crown. Nero's head was also replaced several times and substituted with the heads of succeeding emperors. Despite its pagan links, the statue remained standing well into the medieval era and was credited with magical powers. It came to be seen as an iconic symbol of the permanence of Rome.
In the 8th century, the Venerable Bede (c. 672–735) wrote a famous epigram celebrating the symbolic significance of the statue: Quandiu stabit coliseus, stabit et Roma; quando cadit coliseus, cadet et Roma; quando cadet Roma, cadet et muns ("as long as the Colossus stands, so shall Rome; when the Colossus falls, Rome shall fall; when Rome falls, so falls the world").[3] This is often mistranslated to refer to the Colosseum rather than the Colossus (as in, for instance, Byron's poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage). However, at the time that Bede wrote, the masculine noun coliseus was applied to the statue rather than to what was still known as the Flavian amphitheatre.
The Colossus did eventually fall, probably being pulled down to reuse its bronze. By the year 1000 the name "Colosseum" (a neuter noun) had been coined to refer to the amphitheatre. The statue itself was largely forgotten and only its base survives, situated between the Colosseum and the nearby Temple of Venus and Roma.[4]
The name was further corrupted to Coliseum ring the Middle Ages. In Italy, the amphitheatre is still known as il Colosseo, and other Romance languages have come to use similar forms such as le Colisée (French), el Coliseo (Spanish) and o Coliseu (Portuguese).
Construction of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor Vespasian[1] in around 70–72. The site chosen was a flat area on the floor of a low valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills, through which a canalised stream ran. By the 2nd century BC the area was densely inhabited. It was devastated by the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64, following which Nero seized much of the area to add to his personal domain. He built the grandiose Domus Aurea on the site, in front of which he created an artificial lake surrounded by pavillions, gardens and porticoes. The existing Aqua Claudia aquect was extended to supply water to the area and the gigantic bronze Colossus of Nero was set up nearby at the entrance to the Domus Aurea.[4]
The area was transformed under Vespasian and his successors. Although the Colossus was preserved, much of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land reused as the location for the new Flavian Amphitheatre. Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. According to a reconstructed inscription found on the site, "the emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheatre to be erected from his general's share of the booty." This is thought to refer to the vast quantity of treasure seized by the Romans following their victory in the Great Jewish Revolt in 70. The Colosseum can be thus interpreted as a great triumphal monument built in the Roman tradition of celebrating great victories.[4] Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can also be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use. In contrast to many other amphitheatres, which were located on the outskirts of a city, the Colosseum was constructed in the city centre; in effect, placing it both literally and symbolically at the heart of Rome.
The Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasian's death in 79. The top level was finished and the building inaugurated by his son, Titus, in 80.[1] Dio Cassius recounts that over 9,000 wild animals were killed ring the inaugural games of the amphitheatre. The building was remodelled further under Vespasian's younger son, the newly-designated Emperor Domitian, who constructed the hypogeum, a series of underground tunnels used to house animals and slaves. He also added a gallery to the top of the Colosseum to increase its seating capacity.
In 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged by a major fire (caused by lightning, according to Dio Cassius[5]) which destroyed the wooden upper levels of the amphitheatre's interior. It was not fully repaired until about 240 and underwent further repairs in 250 or 252 and again in 320. An inscription records the restoration of various parts of the Colosseum under Theodosius II and Valentinian III (reigned 425–450), possibly to repair damage caused by a major earthquake in 443; more work followed in 484 and 508. The arena continued to be used for contests well into the 6th century, with gladiatorial fights last mentioned around 435. Animal hunts continued until at least 523.[4]
Medieval
Map of medieval Rome depicting the ColosseumThe Colosseum underwent several radical changes of use ring the medieval period. By the late 6th century a small church had been built into the structure of the amphitheatre, though this apparently did not confer any particular religious significance on the building as a whole. The arena was converted into a cemetery. The numerous vaulted spaces in the arcades under the seating were converted into housing and workshops, and are recorded as still being rented out as late as the 12th century. Around 1200 the Frangipani family took over the Colosseum and fortified it, apparently using it as a castle.
Severe damage was inflicted on the Colosseum by the great earthquake of 1349, causing the outer south side to collapse. Much of the tumbled stone was reused to build palaces, churches, hospitals and other buildings elsewhere in Rome. A religious order moved into the northern third of the Colosseum in the mid-14th century and continued to inhabit it until as late as the early 19th century. The interior of the amphitheatre was extensively stripped of stone, which was reused elsewhere, or (in the case of the marble facade) was burned to make quicklime.[4] The bronze clamps which held the stonework together were pried or hacked out of the walls, leaving numerous pockmarks which still scar the building today.
Exterior
The exterior of the Colosseum, showing the partially intact outer wall (left) and the mostly intact inner wall (right)
Original façade of the Colosseum
Entrance LII of the Colosseum, with Roman numerals still visibleUnlike earlier amphitheatres that were built into hillsides, the Colosseum is an entirely free-standing structure. It is elliptical in plan and is 189 metres (615 ft / 640 Roman feet) long, and 156 metres (510 ft / 528 Roman feet) wide, with a base area of 6 acres. The height of the outer wall is 48 metres (157 ft / 165 Roman feet). The perimeter originally measured 545 metres (1,788 ft / 1,835 Roman feet). The central arena is an oval (287 ft) long and (180 ft) wide, surrounded by a wall (15 ft) high, above which rose tiers of seating.
The outer wall is estimated to have required over 100,000 cubic meters (131,000 cu yd) of travertine stone which were set without mortar held together by 300 tons of iron clamps.[4] However, it has suffered extensive damage over the centuries, with large segments having collapsed following earthquakes. The north side of the perimeter wall is still standing; the distinctive triangular brick wedges at each end are modern additions, having been constructed in the early 19th century to shore up the wall. The remainder of the present-day exterior of the Colosseum is in fact the original interior wall.
The surviving part of the outer wall's monumental façade comprises three stories of superimposed arcades surmounted by a podium on which stands a tall attic, both of which are pierced by windows interspersed at regular intervals. The arcades are framed by half-columns of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, while the attic is decorated with Corinthian pilasters.[11] Each of the arches in the second- and third-floor arcades framed statues, probably honoring divinities and other figures from Classical mythology.
Two hundred and forty mast corbels were positioned around the top of the attic. They originally supported a retractable awning, known as the velarium, that kept the sun and rain off spectators. This consisted of a canvas-covered, net-like structure made of ropes, with a hole in the center.[1] It covered two-thirds of the arena, and sloped down towards the center to catch the wind and provide a breeze for the audience. Sailors, specially enlisted from the Roman naval headquarters at Misenum and housed in the nearby Castra Misenatium, were used to work the velarium.[12]
The Colosseum's huge crowd capacity made it essential that the venue could be filled or evacuated quickly. Its architects adopted solutions very similar to those used in modern stadiums to deal with the same problem. The amphitheatre was ringed by eighty entrances at ground level, 76 of which were used by ordinary spectators.[1] Each entrance and exit was numbered, as was each staircase. The northern main entrance was reserved for the Roman Emperor and his aides, whilst the other three axial entrances were most likely used by the elite. All four axial entrances were richly decorated with painted stucco reliefs, of which fragments survive. Many of the original outer entrances have disappeared with the collapse of the perimeter wall, but entrances XXIII to LIV still survive.[4]
Spectators were given tickets in the form of numbered pottery shards, which directed them to the appropriate section and row. They accessed their seats via vomitoria (singular vomitorium), passageways that opened into a tier of seats from below or behind. These quickly dispersed people into their seats and, upon conclusion of the event or in an emergency evacuation, could permit their exit within only a few minutes. The name vomitoria derived from the Latin word for a rapid discharge, from which English derives the word vomit.
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许愿池(Fontana di Trevi)
The Trevi Fountain (Italian: Fontana di Trevi) is the largest — standing 25.9 meters (85 feet) high and 19.8 meters (65 feet) wide — and most ambitious of the Baroque fountains of Rome. It is located in the rione of Trevi.
The fountain at the juncture of three roads (tre vie) marks the terminal point of the "modern" Acqua Vergine, the revivified Aqua Virgo, one of the ancient aquects that supplied water to ancient Rome. In 19 BC, supposedly with the help of a virgin, Roman technicians located a source of pure water some 13 km (8 miles) from the city. (This scene is presented on the present fountain's facade). However, the eventual indirect route of the aquect made its length some 22 km (14 miles). This Aqua Virgo led the water into the Baths of Agrippa. It served Rome for more than four hundred years. The "coup de grace" for the urban life of late classical Rome came when the Goth besiegers in 537/38 broke the aquects. Medieval Romans were reced to drawing water from polluted wells and the Tiber River, which was also used as a sewer.
The Roman custom of building a handsome fountain at the endpoint of an aquect that brought water to Rome was revived in the fifteenth century, with the Renaissance. In 1453, Pope Nicholas V finished mending the Acqua Vergine aquect and built a simple basin, designed by the humanist architect Leon Battista Alberti, to herald the water's arrival.
[edit] The present fountain
[edit] Commission, construction and design
In 1629 Pope Urban VIII, finding the earlier fountain insufficiently dramatic, asked Bernini to sketch possible renovations, but when the Pope died the project was abandoned. Bernini's lasting contribution was to resite the fountain from the other side of the square to face the Quirinal Palace (so the Pope could look down and enjoy it). Though Bernini's project was torn down for Salvi's fountain, there are many Bernini touches in the fountain as it was built. An early, striking and influential model by Pietro da Cortona also exists.
Competitions had become the rage ring the Baroque era to design buildings, fountains, and even the Spanish Steps. In 1730 Pope Clement XII organized a contest in which Nicola Salvi initially lost to Alessandro Galilei — but e to the outcry in Rome over the fact that a Florentine won, Salvi was awarded the commission anyway.[1] Work began in 1732, and the fountain was completed in 1762, long after Clement's death, when Pietro Bracci's 'Neptune' was set in the central niche.
Salvi died in 1751, with his work half-finished, but before he went he made sure a stubborn barber's unsightly sign would not spoil the ensemble, hiding it behind a sculpted vase. The Trevi Fountain was finished in 1762 by Giuseppe Pannini, who substituted the present bland allegories for planned sculptures of Agrippa and "Trivia", the Roman virgin.
[edit] Restoration
The fountain was refurbished in 1998; the stonework was scrubbed and the fountain provided with recirculating pumps.
[edit] Iconography
The backdrop for the fountain is the Palazzo Poli, given a new facade with a giant order of Corinthian pilasters that link the two main stories. Taming of the waters is the theme of the gigantic scheme that tumbles forward, mixing water and rockwork, and filling the small square. Tritons guide Neptune's shell chariot, taming seahorses (hippocamps).
In the center is superimposed a robustly modelled triumphal arch. The center niche or exedra framing Neptune has free-standing columns for maximal light-and-shade. In the niches flanking Neptune, Abundance spills water from her urn and Salubrity holds a cup from which a snake drinks. Above, bas reliefs illustrate the Roman origin of the aquects.
The tritons and horses provide symmetrical balance, with the maximum contrast in their mood and poses (by 1730, the rococo is already in full bloom in France and Germany).
[edit] Coin throwing
A traditional legend holds that if visitors throw a coin into the fountain, they are ensured a return to Rome. Among those who are unaware that the "three coins" of Three Coins in the Fountain were thrown by three different indivials, a reported current interpretation is that two coins will ensure a marriage will occur soon, while three coins leads to a divorce. A reported current version of this legend is that it is lucky to throw three coins with one's right hand over one's left shoulder into the Trevi Fountain.
Approximately 3,000 Euros are thrown into the fountain each day and are collected at night. The money has been used to subsidize a supermarket for Rome's needy. However, there are regular attempts to steal coins from the fountain, including some using a magnetized pole.
❸ 罗马旅游胜地介绍
万神殿
在罗马市中心，有一个中央竖立着高大的尖顶方碑的喷水池，方碑基座雕有古罗马神话场景，这一喷水池所在地就是罗马万神殿的前庭。
万神殿是至今完整保存的唯一一座罗马帝国时期建筑，始建于公元前27-25年，由罗马帝国首任皇帝屋大维的女婿阿戈利巴建造，用以供奉奥林匹亚山上诸神，可谓奥古斯都时期的经典建筑。公元80年的火灾，使万神殿的大部分被毁，仅余一长方形的柱廊，有12.5米高的花岗岩石柱16根，这一部分被作为后来重建的万神殿的门廊，门廊顶上刻有初建时期的纪念性文字，从门廊正面的八根巨大圆柱仍可看出万神殿最初的建筑规模。
现今所见的万神殿主体建筑是亚德里亚诺大帝于公元120-124年所建，为43.4米高的圆形堂，其内仍供奉罗马的所有神袛。公元609年万神殿被赠予教皇，随即改为天主教堂，将多尊圣骸保存于内，更名为圣玛丽亚教堂，后拉特朗协约将其定位意大利国立教堂。也正是因此，万神殿才在后来幸存下来，没有被视为异教建筑而毁灭。
万神殿是古罗马建筑艺术的杰作。万神殿的底平面直径也为43.4米，与高度相等。万神殿下半部为空心圆柱形，从高度一半的地方开始，上半部为半球形的穹顶，穹顶的墙面厚度逐渐减小，其下方墙厚6米，与万神殿下半部墙壁等厚，到顶部则递减为1.5米。为使穹顶墙厚的递减更有利于万神殿整体建筑的稳固，万神殿穹顶内壁被整齐划分为5排28格，每一格皆被由上而下雕凿凹陷，不仅使墙厚的递减更为合理，也增加了万神殿内部的美观性。
万神殿的装饰风格前后发生过很大变化。供奉诸神时期的描画神人大战的铜雕等大量装饰，在改为教堂后被大面积更替，原有的屋大维与阿戈利巴的雕像也已不在。神殿入口的青铜大门，原与穹顶和门廊天花板所覆的镀金铜瓦互为呼应，现今铜瓦早已用作他途，只留雕工精美的青铜大门镇守那一份已逝的气势。万神殿内宽广空旷，无一根支柱，穹顶顶部开有直径9米的圆洞，这是整个万神殿内唯一的光源来源。
万神殿内的七座壁龛，分别供奉战神和朱利奥·凯撒神明和英雄，除壁龛外，殿内还有很多神明和英雄的雕像。万神殿内侧面的小堂，是拉斐尔、意大利国王埃玛努埃尔二世、翁贝尔托一世和他的妻子玛尔盖丽妲王后等重要人物的长眠之地。
景点旅游提示
门票：免费
到达方式：乘64路公车到Largo d. Torre Argentina站下。或由纳沃纳广场向西步行即到。
开放时间：8：30-19：00
圣天使城堡
圣天使城堡是公元130-139年哈德连大帝所建的陵寝，后罗马帝国的各代皇帝都安葬于此。圣天使城堡之名源于公元6世纪，当时黑死病肆虐，教皇格里高利一世受大天使米伽勒神谕，在城堡顶部树立了持剑的米伽勒铜像，后瘟疫平复，从此城堡便名为圣天使城堡。至今天使铜像仍是圣天使城堡的标志景观。
圣天使城堡除了是皇家陵寝外，历史上还作过皇家监狱，布鲁诺就曾被拘禁于此。由于临近梵蒂冈，圣天使城堡还被教皇作为避难之地，城堡内设教皇厅，与梵蒂冈教皇皇廷之间有密道相连。圣天使城堡还是罗马的要塞，城堡外建有方形城墙，城墙四角有突出的堡垒，还留有古代的武器Catapults和成堆的大理石圆球炮弹，城墙外还有沟壕。
圣天使城堡位于台伯河畔，其前方的圣天使桥上，有12尊手持耶稣受难刑具的天使雕像，是文艺复兴时期大师贝尼尼的杰作。圣天使城堡建在外壁凹凸不平的基座上，为21米高的圆形建筑，其正门正对圣天使桥。在城堡圆形平顶与天使铜像之间，有一方形建筑，其一面墙壁与城堡正门处于同一平面。登上城堡，可以从露台眺望周围的罗马景观。
圣天使城堡内现被作为博物馆，在教皇厅等几十个房间，展出盔甲、兵器以及意大利名家的画作等物。
景点旅游提示
门票：7欧元
到达方式：从卡维尔广场向右步行15分钟即可。或由纳沃纳广场步行5分钟即可。
开放时间：9：00-14：00，周一休息。
❹ 谁能介绍一下意大利的风景名胜，越详细越好
科洛塞竞技场
Piazza del Colosseo
科洛塞竞技场(又译罗马斗兽场）是罗马时代最伟大的建筑之一，也是保存最好的一座圆形竞技场。位于威尼斯广场的东南面。斗兽场是世界八大名胜之一，也是罗马帝国的象征。这座巨大的露天剧场叫做弗拉维奥剧场，因为它是由弗拉维奥家族的几位皇帝建造的。通常，人们称之为科洛塞。斗兽场的外观像一座庞大的碉堡，占地20000平方米，围墙周长527米，直径188米，墙高57米，相当于一座19层现代楼房的高度，场内可10.7万观众。像所有罗马的建筑一样，其基本结构是拱券结构，一系列的拱、券和恰当安排的椭圆形建筑构件使整座建筑极为坚固。这是当年用斗兽、英竞技、赛马、戏剧和歌舞表演的场地。这座雄伟的建筑堪称建筑的楷模。是建造在一片凹地上的宏伟建筑。尼禄时代，这一凹地是尼禄金殿花园里的一个人工湖。
Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli
天使的圣玛丽亚教堂是1563年米开朗基罗利用迪奥克来齐亚诺浴场温水大厅废墟改建的，而到了十八世纪再由凡维特尔(Luigi Vanvitelli)改变为现在的模样。入口彷万神殿，天井高91公尺，是当时建筑上的极限。
米兰大教堂雄踞在意大利米兰市中心的米兰大教堂亦称圣母降生教堂，于公元1386年开工建造，1500年完成拱顶，1774年中央塔上的镀金圣母玛丽亚雕像就位。1897年最后完工，历时五个世纪。不仅是米兰的象征，也是米兰的中心。拿破仑曾于1805年在米兰大教堂举行加冕仪式。
大厅内供奉着十五世纪时米兰大主教的遗体，头部是白银筑就，躯体是主教真身。教堂屋顶有一小孔，正午时分，阳光正射在地板南北向的金属条上，古人以此计时，称为"太阳钟"。教堂前的广场建于1862年。中央是意大利王国第一个国王维多利奥·埃玛努埃尔二世的骑马铜像，广场右侧黄色建筑是新古典主义建筑风格的王宫，1778年建成，现在已辟为当代艺术博物馆。
在米兰大教堂广场左侧有维多利奥·埃玛努埃尔二世长廊，建于1865 -1877年长廊呈十字形，长196米，宽47米，高47米廊顶呈拱园形，顶上装有彩色玻璃棚。地面是用大理石铺成的马赛克图案。巨大的拱形建筑富丽堂皇，长廊内有装璜考究的金银首饰、时装、礼品店、餐馆，咖啡厅和书店。这里是米兰市民的休闲中心，到处是休息的市民及观光客，常年很热闹。穿过维多利奥·埃玛努埃尔二世长廊来到的斯卡拉广场（Piazza della Scala ）上有列奥尔德·达·芬奇的雕像。
威尼斯 既有世上独一无二的温柔，又不乏历史上地中海最强的高雅风景，东西方的桥梁。这座建于公元5世纪的世界著名城市位于意大利东北部，离大陆约4公里，坐落在威尼斯湖约118个大大小小的岛屿上。150多条运河和400座桥梁纵横交错，把这118个岛屿联成一个城市整体。威尼斯无可比拟的独特外貌和丰富的艺术宝藏，使它成为世界上最具有吸引力的旅游城市。威尼斯的美离不开碧绿碧绿的水和摇摇晃晃的小船，更离不开富丽堂皇的古典建筑物。站在圣马可广场向四周眺望，纵横的街道在这里化身成蜿蜒的运河；在普通城市街上通行无阻的车辆，在这里变成了小船。这里的每一条小水道、小街、小教堂和小广场都是风景，也记录着水城灿烂的文化和历史。
圣马可广场被誉为最浪漫的广场，鸽子是这里最大的特色；
叹息桥，叹息桥连接的两座建筑物分别是法院和监狱；一般来讲，进入监狱的人都不会活着出去的，而叹息桥就成为了他们最后唯一可以看见阳光的地方，因此，囚犯们经过这里的时候都会不自禁地发出一声叹息，久而久之，这些叹息就叹成了“叹息桥”了……
总督宫，威尼斯共和国时期的最高权力机关；粉红色的大理石外墙，连续的尖型拱门和四辨花型圆窗，属于典型的哥特式风格。
圣马可大教堂，强烈的拜占庭风格，相传是用来供奉福音作者圣马可的教堂；圣马可是威尼斯的守护神，标志物是狮子，因此，狮子也是威尼斯的标志物。
圣马可大教堂两旁的新旧行政官邸，一楼现在大多用做咖啡馆；最著名的是弗洛里安咖啡馆，据说海明威、拜伦经常在这里流连；当然，这里的咖啡也是全意大利最昂贵的~~
贡多拉，相传以前的船夫都是又年轻又帅气的小伙子，边划船还边唱着情歌；现在当然不是了~~ 另外，贡多拉是威尼斯最贵的交通工具，除非你的钱多的可以拿来烧，否则，象征式地坐坐就可以了……
罗马Roma这是属于上帝和天使们的永恒之城，它建在由台泊河之间的七座山冈，几经毁灭又几度复兴，历史遗迹处处可见：君士坦丁门古竞技场，四河喷泉、西班牙阶梯……还有坐落市区天主教宗教地：梵蒂冈，又为之增添了一道风景线。
佛罗伦萨 背负着文艺复兴的硕果，是著名的文化古城和艺术天堂，一个吸引大量国际游客的旅游城市。作为欧洲文艺复兴时期的文化中心，佛罗伦萨给现代人留下了数不胜数的重要历史建筑和历史珍品。米开朗基罗广场、维其奥古桥和附近的比萨斜塔等均是最重要的浏览景点。
比萨 为了纪念比萨城的守护神圣母玛丽亚, 1063年比萨人开始在城区东北角的广场上建筑具有所谓罗马-比萨风格(Romanesque - Pisa Style)的比萨大教堂(Duomo- the Cathedral)。由雕塑家布斯凯托-皮萨诺（Bonanno Pisano）主持设计，另外还有一个圆形的洗 比萨斜塔礼堂和一个钟塔，构成一组建筑群，这也是意大利仿罗马建筑之典型。正如照片上所看到的：在这组建筑群中，洗礼堂位于主教堂前面，与教堂在同一中轴线上，钟塔在教堂的东南角，这两个圆形建筑在空间上的大小、矮高、远近搭配得当，显得与主教堂非常和谐。
教堂的外墙是用红白相间的大理石砌成，色彩庄重和谐；始建于1153年的洗礼堂是一座用大理石建造的圆形建筑，其大理石外墙墙面的装饰华美、一圈精致的尖拱券环绕着红色的中央大圆穹顶，再被周围的绿地所映衬，真是美不胜收；比萨斜塔更是广场上的宠儿，实事求是地说，到这里的大部分游客都是冲着斜塔来的。虽然世界上还有一些也是长的东倒西歪的其他斜塔，但是应该承认，比萨斜塔的名气最大。
Sicilia
“如果不去西西里，就像没有到过意大利：因为在西西里你才能找到意大利的美丽之源” 西西里这是格斯在1787年4月13日到达巴勒莫时写下的句子，这是他为寻找西方文化的根源第一次来到意大利。的确如此，这个地中海上最大的岛屿，也是意大利面积最大的省份，的确是一块 美丽的西西里巧妙的土地，这里迷人的自然风景与人文风景非常的和谐地融合为一体，自然有从古至今曾经居住在这里的人们为证：这里曾经居住过希腊人、古罗马人、拜占庭人、阿拉伯人、诺曼人、施瓦本人、西班牙人等，他们的文化已然印证在这里了。
从地图上看，西西里岛是意大利那只伸向地中海的皮靴上的足球。它位于地中海的中心，辽阔而富饶，气候温暖风景秀丽，盛产柑橘、柠檬和油橄榄。无论是东海岸，还是西海岸，到处是果实累累的橘林、柠檬园和大片大片的橄榄树林。由于其发展农林业的良好自然环境，历史上被称为“金盆地”。
❺ 意大利罗马有哪些特色景点介绍一下
罗马斗兽场，亦译作罗马大角斗场、罗马竞技场、罗马圆形竞技场、科洛西姆、哥罗塞姆，原名弗莱文圆形剧场（Amphitheatrum Flavium），建于公元72至82年间，是古罗马文明的象征。遗址位于意大利首都罗马市中心，它在威尼斯广场的南面，古罗马市场附近。从外观上看，它呈正圆形；俯瞰时，它是椭圆形的。它的占地面积约2万平方米，最大直径为188米，小直径为156米，圆周长527米，围墙高57米，这座庞大的建筑可以容纳近九万人数的观众。
罗马斗兽场，亦译作罗马大角斗场、罗马竞技场、罗马圆形竞技场、科洛西姆、哥罗塞姆，原名弗莱文圆形剧场（Amphitheatrum Flavium），建于公元72至82年间，是古罗马文明的象征。遗址位于意大利首都罗马市中心，它在威尼斯广场的南面，古罗马市场附近。从外观上看，它呈正圆形；俯瞰时，它是椭圆形的。它的占地面积约2万平方米，最大直径为188米，小直径为156米，圆周长527米，围墙高57米，这座庞大的建筑可以容纳近九万人数的观众。
西斯廷教堂始建于1445年，由教皇西斯都四世发起创建，教堂的名字“西斯廷”便是来源于当时的教皇之名“西斯都”。教堂长40.25米，宽13.41米，高20.73米。是依照《列王纪》第6章中所描述的所罗门王神殿，按照比例(60:20:30)所建。西斯廷教堂是罗马教皇的私用经堂，也是教皇的选出仪式的举行之处。
米开朗基罗·博那罗蒂(Michelangelo Buonarroti, 1475－1564)，意大利文艺复兴时期伟大的绘画家、雕塑家、建筑师和诗人，文艺复兴时期雕塑艺术最高峰的代表。与拉斐尔和达芬奇并称为文艺复兴后三杰。
罗马，意大利的首都，位于台伯河下游平原，是意大利政治、历史和文化和和交通中心，同时也是古罗马和世界灿烂文化的发祥地，已有2500余年历史。它是一座艺术宝库、文化名城，也是罗马天主教廷所在地。是意大利占地面积最广、人口最多的城市，也是世界最著名的游览地之一。另有，意大利著名足球俱乐部“罗马”、同名美国电视剧《罗马》和贵州省文史研究馆馆员罗马。
真理之口(Bocca della verità) 是一人形面孔，有鼻有眼，张着一张大嘴。相传，若谁不说真话，它就会咬住他的手。到这里观光的旅客，纷纷将手伸进嘴中试一试自己的手会不会被咬。由于千千万万只手在真理之口中伸来伸去，这张大嘴已被人们的手指磨得锃亮。
罗马斗兽场由弗拉维安王朝的三个皇帝建造，它正式的名字是弗拉维安竞技常它的建造是这个新王朝的家族为提高自身在公众中的地位而发起的一系列运动的一部分。韦斯帕西恩（公元69—79年）是这个王朝的缔造者，他的出身并不高贵；在尼禄自杀后的一年中，罗马又经历了三个短命皇帝的失败的统治，韦斯帕西恩随后坐上了皇位。那时尼禄并未被遗忘；他所吞噬的广袤的土地和其他的奢侈物已经激起民愤。因此，当韦斯帕西恩决定填平那属于尼禄的豪华金色宫殿的人工湖．将其变成公共娱乐场所的时候，几乎没有任何人提出异议。
君士坦丁凯旋门建于315年，是为了纪念君士坦丁大帝击败马克森提皇帝统一罗马帝国而建的。凯旋门上方的浮雕板是当时从罗马其它建筑上直接取来的，主要内容为历代皇帝的生平业绩，如安东尼、哈德连等，下面则是君士坦丁大帝的战斗场景。所以君士坦丁凯旋门虽然是罗马三座凯旋门中建造最晚的一座，但仍然可以看出早期罗马艺术的影子，而且保存比较完好，值得一看。这是一座三个拱门的凯旋门，高21米，面阔25.7米，进深7.4米。由于它调整了高与阔的比例，横跨在道路中央，显得形体巨大。凯旋门的里里外外充满了各种浮雕，表面上看去，巨大的凯旋门和丰富的浮雕虽然气派很大，但缺乏整体观念。原因是凯旋门的各个部分并非作为一个统一体而创作的，甚至其中的大部分构件是从过去的一些纪念性建筑，如图拉真广场建筑上的横饰带、哈德良广场上一系列盾形浮雕以及马克·奥尔略皇帝纪念碑上的八块镶板，拆除过来的。尽管如此，它仍不失为一座宏伟壮观的凯旋门，尤其是它上面所保存的罗马帝国各个重要时期的雕刻，是一部生动的罗马雕刻史。
作为教皇所在地和基督教的精神中心，梵蒂冈是罗马市内的一个真正的国家 (教皇为元首)，它被教科文组织宣布为人类文化遗产，是一个非凡的艺术宝库。绝不可错过的有圣比得广场，世界上最大的广场之一，贝尼尼的建筑杰作，他在 1656至1667年间用284根和88根的双排柱围成了宏大的椭圆形广场。在广场上有被认为是世界上最漂亮、雄伟的圣比得教堂。在施工中担任指挥的有最重要的大师布拉曼特、拉斐尔和米开朗琪罗，后者实现了高达119米的教堂大圆顶。不可不看的还有梵蒂冈博物馆，特别是西斯廷厅，那是整个艺术史的最高层次的杰作之一；文艺复兴时期的几位意大利大师都为其绘画：波提切利、基尔兰达佑和米开朗琪罗，后者画了天花板上的壁画。最突出的是米开朗琪罗的最高杰作“最后的审判”。
❻ 罗马有哪些名胜古迹
罗马竞技场、许愿池、帝国广场、罗马广场、纳沃纳广场、
威尼斯广场、国会大厦、圣彼得大教堂、西班牙广场、万神殿。
1、罗马竞技场
万神殿大约建于公元80年，是一个保存良好的巨大的历史遗迹。大厦有一个巨大的圆顶，让这座大厦显得威风凛凛，是众多摄影师拍摄的对象。
❼ 罗马旅游景点
奎里纳勒宫(Palazzo del Quirinale)位于奎里纳勒山，奎里纳勒山是罗马七座山丘中最高的一个山头。在古代，这里是供奉奎里诺神的地方(当时这座山丘曾被来自库里城的撒比尼人占领)。
奎里纳勒宫是几位教皇在十六世纪下半叶建造的。1870年之前，一直是教皇的夏令行宫。意大利统一后直到二战末期为止，一直是皇宫。现在是共和国总统府。
奎里纳勒宫前广场中央有双子星喷泉，喷泉上有四尊古罗马时期的双子星神和他们的马匹的雕像。这些雕像是1787年在奎里纳勒山丘上的君士坦丁浴场发现的，是希腊原作的仿制品。
1787年，增添了一座从奥古斯都陵墓搬来的方尖碑；1818年，又增添了灰色的花岗石石盆，石盆原先放在罗马市苑元老院前面的。
景点地址: Palazzo del Quirinale
公共汽车：116T、116、117、52、53、56、58等多路到达“BARBERINI”站下车步行5分钟
开放时间: 在每个月的第二、第四个周日的早上8:00—12:30，有人带领解说。
❽ 罗马有哪些著名的旅游景点
http://www.blyo.net/GWJQ.ASP?sheng=%D2%E2%B4%F3%C0%FB&JQ=%C2%DE%C2%ED&show=SJ 去这里看吧奎里纳勒宫(Palazzo del Quirinale)位于奎里纳勒山，奎里纳勒山是罗马七座山丘中最高的一个山头。在古代，这里是供奉奎里诺神的地方(当时这座山丘曾被来自库里城的撒比尼人占领)。 奎里纳勒宫是几位教皇在十六世纪下半叶建造的。1870年之前，一直是教皇的夏令行宫。意大利统一后直到二战末期为止，一直是皇宫。现在是共和国总统府。 奎里纳勒宫前广场中央有双子星喷泉，喷泉上有四尊古罗马时期的双子星神和他们的马匹的雕像。这些雕像是1787年在奎里纳勒山丘上的君士坦丁浴场发现的，是希腊原作的仿制品。 1787年，增添了一座从奥古斯都陵墓搬来的方尖碑；1818年，又增添了灰色的花岗石石盆，石盆原先放在罗马市苑元老院前面的。 景点地址: Palazzo del Quirinale 公共汽车：116T、116、117、52、53、56、58等多路到达“BARBERINI”站下车步行5分钟 开放时间: 在每个月的第二、第四个周日的早上8:00—12:30，有人带领解说。参考资料： http://life.sina.com.cn/art/2005-04-01/68897.shtml
❾ 罗马景点
Rome
The capital and largest city of Italy, in the west-central part of the country on the Tiber River. Traditionally founded by Romulus in 753 B.C., it was ruled first by Etruscans, who were overthrown c. 500 B.C. The Roman Republic graally extended its territory and expanded its influence, giving way to the Roman Empire ring the reign of Augustus (27 B.C.–.D. 14). As capital of the empire, Rome was considered the center of the known world, but the city declined when Constantine transferred his capital to Byzantium (323). Alaric I conquered the city in 410, leading to a lengthy period of devastation by barbarian tribes. In the Middle Ages the city revived as the spiritual and temporal power of the papacy increased. During the 1800s Rome was held at various times by the French until it became the capital of Italy in 1871. Vatican City remains an independent enclave within the confines of Rome. Population: 2,540,000.
❿ 罗马有哪些旅游景点 罗马旅游景点介绍
罗马有以下旅游景点 罗马最著名旅游景点推荐给您：
古罗马斗兽场
罗马最吸引游客的景点，断壁残垣依然能够映射出古代角斗场的血腥气氛。
许愿池
全球最大的巴洛克式喷泉，传说情侣共同将硬币投入其中时，爱情便会永恒。
万神殿
屋大维用来供奉奥林匹亚诸神的宫殿，所有圆顶建筑的鼻祖与典范之作。
古罗马遗址
古罗马帝国的经济、文化中心，游人可在斑驳砖石间重温昔日罗马的辉煌。
西班牙广场
因《罗马假日》中赫本吃冰淇淋一幕而闻名的广场， 炎炎夏日的避暑圣地。