介紹俄羅斯景點的英語作文

㈠ 俄羅斯的英文簡介

Geography
The Russian Federation is the largest of the 21 republics that make up the Commonwealth of Independent States. It occupies most of eastern Europe and north Asia, stretching from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south. It is bordered by Norway and Finland in the northwest; Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, and Lithuania in the west; Georgia and Azerjan in the southwest; and Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, and North Korea along the southern border.

㈡ 俄羅斯英語介紹

『Russia, or the Russian Federation, is the largest country in the world and is so vast that it has eleven time zones and a coastline of more than 23,000 miles. Known mostly for its natural resources, Russia has more than 100,000 rivers, and the world』 largest forest, and largest lake (Lake Baikal). Russian is the predominant language, but more than 100 languages are spoken throughout the country. Russia is famous for the Bolshoi Ballet, dancers such Rudolf Nureyev and Anna Pavlova, classical music composers Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninoff, and literary masers such as Tolstoy, Pushkin, and Dostoevsky. Russia is also known for its fine vodka and caviar. Moscow is the capital and largest city in Russia, followed by St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk.

㈢ 求 介紹俄羅斯的英語作文，250字，可以少20字，順便寫一下翻譯，謝謝。特別急，急急急%>_<%

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is the largest country in the world and is so vast that it has eleven time zones and a coastline of more than 23,000 miles. Russia is located in northeastern Europe and northern Asia.Russia shares boundaries with the Arctic Ocean on the N, northern Pacific Ocean on the W, China.

It has long history and has many kinds of culture,it combined the western cultures. Russians like operas,ballet and vodka.when ther meet the others ,they shake hands with them.being invited,they take flowers as their gift.they hate the number 13,while they think 7 is a sigh of happiness and success.

Known mostly for its natural resources, Russia has more than 100,000 rivers, and the world』s largest forest, and largest lake (Lake Baikal). Russian is the predominant language, but more than 100 languages are spoken throughout the country. Russia is famous for the Bolshoi Ballet, dancers such Rudolf Nureyev and Anna Pavlova, classical music composers Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninoff, and literary masers such as Tolstoy, Pushkin, and Dostoevsky. Russia is also known for its fine vodka and caviar. Moscow is the capital and largest city in Russia, followed by St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk.
俄羅斯，或俄羅斯，是世界上最大的國家是如此龐大，它有十一個時區，海岸線長23000多公里。俄羅斯位於歐洲東北部和亞洲北部。俄羅斯邊界上的N北冰洋，北太平洋上的W洋，中國。它有著悠久的歷史和多種文化，並結合西方文化。

㈣ 誰能幫我寫篇英文的介紹俄羅斯的作文謝謝

Russia (Russian: Росси́я, Rossiya; pronounced [rʌ'sʲi.jə]), also[1] the Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; pronounced [rʌ'sʲi.skə.jə fʲɪ.dʲɪ'ra.ʦɪ.jə], listen (help·info)), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia. With an area of 17,075,400 square kilometres, it is the largest country in the world by land mass, covering almost twice the territory of the next-largest country, Canada. It has the world's eighth largest population. Russia shares land borders with the following countries (counter-clockwise from NW to SE): Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerjan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It is also close to the United States and Japan across relatively small stretches of water.

Formerly the dominant republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Russia is now an independent country and an influential member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, since the Union's dissolution in December 1991. During the Soviet era, Russia was officially called the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Russia is considered the Soviet Union's successor state in diplomatic matters.

Most of the area, population, and instrial proction of the Soviet Union, then one of the world's two superpowers, lay in Russia. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia's global role was greatly diminished compared to that of the former Soviet Union. In October 2005, the federal statistics agency reported that Russia's population has shrunk by more than half a million people dipping to 143 million, although Russia became the second country in the world by the number of immigrants from abroad.[2]

Ancient Rus
Prior to the Christian Era, the vast lands of Southern Russia were home to un-united tribes, such as Proto-Indo-Europeans and Scythians. Between the third and sixth centuries Common Era, the steppes were overwhelmed by successive waves of nomadic invasions, led by warlike tribes which would often move on to Europe, as was the case with Huns and Turkish Avars. A Turkic people, the Khazars, ruled South Russia through the eighth century. They were important allies of the Byzantine Empire and waged a series of successful wars against the Arab Califates.

An approximative map of the cultures in European Russia at the arrival of the VarangiansThe Early East Slavs constituted the bulk of the population in Western Russia from the seventh century onwards and slowly assimilated the native Finno-Ugric tribes, such as the Merya, the Muromians and the Meshchera. In the mid-ninth century, a group of Scandinavians, the Varangians, assumed the role of a ruling elite at the Slavic capital of Novgorod. Although they were quickly assimilated by the predominantly Slavic population, the Varangian dynasty lasted several centuries, ring which they affiliated with the Byzantine, or Orthodox church and moved the capital to Kiev in AD 882.

In this era, the term "Rhos" or "Rus" first came to be applied to the Varangians and later also to the Slavs who peopled the region. As well as one of the rulers who contributed to the name "rus" [...] In the tenth to eleventh centuries this state of Kievan Rus became the largest in Europe and one of the most prosperous, e to diversified trade with both Europe and Asia. The opening of new trade routes with the Orient at the time of the Crusades contributed to the decline and fragmentation of Kievan Rus by the end of the twelfth century.

In the eleventh and twelfth centuries common era, the constant incursions of nomadic Turkish tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs, led to the massive migration of Slavic populations from the fertile south to the heavily forested regions of the north, known as Zalesye. The medieval states of Novgorod Republic and Vladimir-Suzdal emerged as successors to Kievan Rus on those territories, while the middle course of the Volga River came to be dominated by the Muslim state of Volga Bulgaria.

Like many other parts of Eurasia, these territories were overrun by the Mongol invaders, who formed the state of Golden Horde which would pillage the Russian principalities for over three centuries. Later known as the Tatars, they ruled the southern and central expanses of present-day Russia, while the territories of present-day Ukraine and Belarus were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland, thus dividing the Russian people in the north from the Belarusians and Ukrainians in the west.

Similarly to the Balkans and Asia Minor, long-lasting nomadic rule retarded the country's economic and social development. However, the Novgorod Republic together with Pskov retained some degree of autonomy ring the time of the Mongol yoke and was largely spared the atrocities that affected the rest of the country. Led by Alexander Nevsky, the Novgorodians repelled the Germanic crusaders who attempted to colonize the region.

Muscovy
Main article: Muscovy
Unlike its spiritual leader the Byzantine Empire, Russia under the leadership of Moscow was able to revive and organized its own war of reconquest, finally subjugating its enemies and annexing their territories. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Muscovite Russia remained the only more or less functional Christian state on the Eastern European frontier, allowing it to claim succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire.

While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, the chy of Moscow began to assert its influence in Western Russia in the early fourteenth century. Assisted by the Russian Orthodox Church and Saint Sergius of Radonezh's spiritual revival, Muscovy inflicted a defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). Ivan the Great eventually tossed off the control of the invaders, consolidated surrounding areas under Moscow's dominion and first took the title "grand ke of all the Russias".

In the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Russian state set the national goal to return all Russian territories lost as a result of the Tatar invasion and to protect the southern borderland against attacks of Crimean Tatars and other Turkic peoples. The noblemen, receiving a manor from the sovereign, were obliged to serve in the military. The manor system became a basis for the nobiliary horse army.

In 1547, Ivan the Terrible was officially crowned the first Tsar of Russia. During his long reign, Ivan annexed the Muslim polities along the Volga River and transformed Russia into a multiethnic and multiconfessional state. By the end of the century, Russian Cossacks established the first settlements in Western Siberia. In the middle of the seventeenth century there were Russian settlements in Eastern Siberia, on Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, on the Pacific coast, and the strait between North America and Asia was first sighted by a Russian explorer in 1648. The colonization of the Asian territories was largely peaceful, in sharp contrast to the build-up of other colonial empires of the time.

Imperial Russia

View of Neva River in Saint Petersburg
Three generations of a Russian family, c.1910Main article: Imperial Russia
Muscovite control of the nascent nation continued after the Polish intervention of under the subsequent Romanov dynasty, beginning with Tsar Michael Romanov in 1613. Peter the Great (ruled in) defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede Ingria, Estland, and Livland. It was in Ingria that he founded a new capital, Saint Petersburg. Peter succeeded in bringing ideas and culture from Western Europe to a severely underdeveloped Russia. After his reforms, Russia emerged as a major European power.

Catherine the Great, ruling from 1762 to 1796, continued the Petrine efforts at establishing Russia as one of the great powers of Europe. Examples of its eighteenth-century European involvement include the War of Polish Succession and the Seven Years' War. In the wake of the Partitions of Poland, Russia had taken territories with the ethnic Belarusian and Ukrainian population, earlier parts of Kievan Rus'. As a result of the victorious Russian-Turkish wars, Russia's borders expanded to the Black Sea and Russia set its goal on the protection of Balkan Christians against a Turkish yoke. In 1783, Russia and the Georgian Kingdom (which was almost totally devastated by Persian and Turkish invasions) signed the treaty of Georgievsk according to which Georgia received the protection of Russia.

In 1812, having gathered nearly half a million soldiers from France, as well as from all of its conquered states in Europe, Napoleon invaded Russia but, after taking Moscow, was forced to retreat back to Europe. Almost 90% of the invading forces died as a result of on-going battles with the Russian army, guerillas and winter weather. The Russian armies ended their pursuit of the enemy by taking his capital, Paris. The officers of the Napoleonic wars brought back to Russia the ideas of liberalism and even attempted to curtail the tsar's powers ring the abortive Decembrist revolt (1825), which was followed by several decades of political repression. Another result of the Napoleonic wars was the incorporation of Bessarabia, Finland, and Congress Poland into the Russian Empire.

The perseverance of Russian serfdom and the conservative policies of Nicholas I of Russia impeded the development of Imperial Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. As a result, the country was defeated in the Crimean War, 1853–1856, by an alliance of major European powers, including Britain, France, Ottoman Empire, and Piedmont-Sardinia. Nicholas's successor Alexander II (1855–1881) was forced to undertake a series of comprehensive reforms and issued a decree abolishing serfdom in 1861. The Great Reforms of Alexander's reign spurred increasingly rapid capitalist development and Sergei Witte's attempts at instrialization. The Slavophile mood was on the rise, spearheaded by Russia's victory in the Russo-Turkish War, which forced the Ottoman Empire to recognize the independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and autonomy of Bulgaria.

The failure of agrarian reforms and suppression of the growing liberal intelligentsia were continuing problems however, and on the eve of World War I, the position of Tsar Nicholas II and his dynasty appeared precarious. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I, and the consequent deterioration of the economy led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire, and ultimately to the overthrow in 1917 of the Romanovs.

At the close of this Russian Revolution of 1917, a Marxist political faction called the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd and Moscow under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Party. A bloody civil war ensued, pitting the Bolsheviks' Red Army against a loose confederation of anti-socialist monarchist and bourgeois forces known as the White Army. The Red Army triumphed, and the Soviet Union was formed in 1922.

Russia as part of the Soviet Union

St. Basil's Cathedral and the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin in Moscow's Red Square.Main articles: History of the Soviet Union and Russian SFSR
The Soviet Union was meant to be a trans-national worker's state free from nationalism. The concept of Russia as a separate national entity was therefore not emphasized in the early Soviet Union. Although Russian institutions and cities certainly remained dominant, many non-Russians participated in the new government at all levels.

Lenin
This section is a stub. You can help by expanding it.

Stalin
One of these was a Georgian named Joseph Stalin. After Lenin's death in 1924, a brief power struggle ensued, ring which Stalin graally eroded the various checks and balances which had been designed into the Soviet political system and assumed dictatorial power by the end of the decade. Leon Trotsky and almost all other Old Bolsheviks from the time of the Revolution were killed or exiled. At the end of 1930s, Stalin launched the Great Purges, a massive series of political repressions. Millions of people whom Stalin and local authorities suspected of being a threat to their power were executed or exiled to Gulag labor camps in remote areas of Siberia or Central Asia.

Stalin forced rapid instrialization of the largely rural country and collectivization of its agriculture. In 1928, Stalin introced his "First Five-Year Plan" for modernizing the Soviet economy. Most economic output was immediately diverted to establishing heavy instry. Civilian instry was modernized and many heavy weapon factories were established. The plan worked, in some sense, as the Soviet Union successfully transformed from an agrarian economy to a major instrial powerhouse in an unbelievably short span of time, but widespread misery and famine ensued for many millions of people as a result of the severe economic upheaval.

After the Great Patriotic War started in 1941 the German army had considerable success in the early stages of the campaign, they suffered defeat when they reached the outskirts of Moscow. The Red Army then stopped the Nazi offensive at the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, which became the decisive turning point for Germany's fortunes in the war. The Soviets drove through Eastern Europe and captured Berlin before Germany surrendered in 1945 (see Great Patriotic War). During the war, the Soviet Union lost more than 27 million [citizens] (including eighteen million [civilians]).

Although ravaged by the war, the Soviet Union emerged from the conflict as an acknowledged superpower. The Red Army occupied Eastern Europe after the war, including the eastern half of Germany. Stalin installed loyal communist governments in these satellite states.

During the immediate postwar period, the Soviet Union first rebuilt and then expanded its economy, with control always exerted exclusively from Moscow. The Soviets extracted heavy war reparations from the areas of Germany under their control, mostly in the form of machinery and instrial equipment. The Soviet Union consolidated its hold on Eastern Europe (see Eastern bloc). The United States helped the Western European countries establish democracies, and both countries sought to achieve economic, political, and ideological dominance over the Third World. The ensuing struggle became known as the Cold War, which turned the Soviet Union's wartime allies, the United Kingdom and the United States, into its foes.

Stalin died in early 1953 presumably without leaving any instructions for the selection of a successor. His closest associates officially decided to rule the Soviet Union jointly, but the secret police chief Lavrenty Beria appeared poised to seize dictatorial control. General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev and other leading politicians organized an anti-Beria alliance and staged a coup d'état. Beria was arrested in June 1953 and executed later that year; Khrushchev became the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union.

Khrushchev

Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space.Under Khrushchev, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, and the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to orbit the Earth. Khrushchev's reforms in agriculture and administration, however, were generally unproctive, and foreign policy toward China and the United States suffered reverses, notably the Cuban Missile Crisis, when he began installing nuclear missiles in Cuba (after the United States installed Jupiter missiles in Turkey which nearly provoked a war with the Soviet Union). Over the course of several angry outbursts at the United Nations, Khrushchev was increasingly seen by his colleagues as belligerent, boorish, and dangerous. The remainder of the Soviet leadership removed him from power in 1964.

Following the ousting of Khrushchev, another period of rule by collective leadership ensued, lasting until Leonid Brezhnev established himself in the early 1970s as the pre-eminent figure in Soviet political life. Brezhnev is frequently derided by historians for stagnating the development of the Soviet Union (see "Brezhnev stagnation"). In contrast to the revolutionary spirit that accompanied the birth of the Soviet Union, the prevailing mood of the Soviet leadership at the time of Brezhnev's death in 1982 was one of aversion to change.

Gorbachev
In the mid 1980s, the reform-minded Mikhail Gorbachev came to power. He introced the landmark policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), in an attempt to modernize Soviet communism. Glasnost meant that the harsh restrictions on free speech that had characterized most of the Soviet Union's existence were removed, and open political discourse and criticism of the government became possible again. Perestroika meant sweeping economic reforms designed to decentralize the planning of the Soviet economy. However, his initiatives provoked strong resentment amongst conservative elements of the government, and an unsuccessful military coup that attempted to remove Gorbachev from power instead led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Boris Yeltsin came to power and declared the end of exclusive Communist rule. The USSR splintered into fifteen independent republics, and was officially dissolved in December of 1991 (see History of the Soviet Union).

Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and a market economy to replace the strict centralized social, political, and economic controls of the Soviet era.

Post-Soviet Russia
Main article: History of post-Soviet Russia
See also: Politics of Russia
Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin had been elected President of Russia in June 1991 in the first direct presidential election in Russian history. In October 1991, as Russia was on the verge of independence, Yeltsin announced that Russia would proceed with radical market-oriented reform along the lines of "shock therapy".

After the disintegration of the USSR, the Russian economy went through a crisis. Russia took up the responsibility for settling the USSR's external debts, even though its population made up just half of the population of the USSR at the time of its dissolution. The largest state enterprises (petroleum, metallurgy, and the like) were controversially privatized for the small sum of $US 600 million, far less than they were worth, while the majority of the population plunged into poverty.

Russia's Congress of People's Deputies, in which the Communist presence was the strongest, attempted to impeach Yeltsin on March 26, 1993. Yeltsin's opponents gathered more than 600 votes for impeachment, but fell 72 votes short. On September 21, 1993, Yeltsin disbanded the Supreme Soviet and the Congress of People's Deputies by decree, which was illegal under the constitution. On the same day there was a military showdown, the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993. With military help, Yeltsin held control. The conflict resulted in a number of civilian casualties, but was resolved in Yeltsin's favor. According to different sources, the total number of deceased was between 300 and 2,000 people. Elections were held and the current Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted on December 12, 1993.

Modern MoscowThe 1990s were plagued by armed ethnic conflicts in the North Caucasus. Such conflicts took a form of separatist insurrections against federal power (most notably in Chechnya), or of ethnic/clan conflicts between local groups (e.g., in North Ossetia-Alania between Ossetians and Ingushs, or between different cla

㈤ 跪求俄羅斯紅場的英文介紹

Moscow's famous Red Square earned its name not from the red walls of the Kremlin, nor from the traditional symbol of Communism, but from the Russian word for "red", which many centuries ago also meant "beautiful". The square's vast cobbled expanse is flanked by some of Moscow's most famous tourist attractions.

Along one side stands the eastern wall of the Kremlin, on the next - the brightly-colored spiraling onion domes of St. Basil's Cathedral, to the north - the elegant turn of the century arcades of the GUM department store (mall) and Kazan Cathedral and to the west - Russia's imposing National Historical Museum and the 1990s replica of the Resurrection Gate.

The square first came into being at the end of the 15th century ring the reign of Ivan III. It was initially called Trinity Square after the Trinity Cathedral, which stood on the site of the later St. Basil's Cathedral. The name by which we all know the square today originated much later, possibly as late as the 17th century.

Located on the site of the city's old market place, Red Square served as Moscow's equivalent of ancient Rome's Forum - a meeting place for the people. It served as a place for celebrating church festivals, for public gatherings, hearing Government announcements and watching executions, the later becoming particularly commonplace ring the reigns of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great and ring the anarchic Time of Troubles in the early 17th century. Occasionally the Tsar himself would address the people from a platform on the square, named Lobnoye Mesto.
In 1712 Peter the Great moved the Russian capital to St. Petersburg and Red Square temporarily lost its political significance only to regain it two centuries later, when the Bolsheviks moved the capital back to Moscow in 1918. The new Communist regime turned the square into a memorial cemetery and parade ground and in 1924 the Lenin Mausoleum was built to house the embalmed body of the founder of the Communist state. Red Square became the ideological focus of the new Soviet state and some of its ancient building weren't seen as appropriate to the new regime. The Kazan Cathedral and the Iverskaya Chapel with the Resurrection Gates were destroyed to make space for the military parades and demonstrations that frequented the square. The Bolsheviks even planned to knock down the GUM Department Store and the Historical Museum, but the onset of WWII diverted attention from the idea and thankfully it was never realized.

Red Square served as the site of frequent Soviet military parades and demonstrations on major national holidays, such as May 1st (International Worker's Solidarity Day) and November 7th (the Anniversary of the October Revolution). Perhaps the most dramatic and impressive military parade that the square has witnessed took place on November 7th 1941, when Nazi troops were advancing on Moscow and fought just a few miles away from the capital. On that day thousands of Russian soldiers appeared in parades on Red Square and then marched directly to the front line to defend the Soviet capital. The brief parade boosted the confidence and fighting spirit of the Soviet people at the height of their battle with the Nazi forces. After the war, in June 1945, hundreds of Soviet troops marched in columns across the square to celebrate victory over the Nazis and 200 German banners were thrown at the foot of Lenin's Mausoleum.

Today, Red Square is a popular attraction for both Russian and foreign visitors alike. It provides plenty of photographic opportunities, while the area between St. Basil's and the Moscow River is often used for rock and pop concerts.

㈥ 用英語寫俄羅斯簡介

呵呵，要求還挺高，我翻譯的很詳細，希望對你有幫助哦：）

Russia introces
俄羅斯簡介

Russia (or the Russian federation) is located north the Eurasia,
俄羅斯(或俄羅斯聯邦)位於歐亞大陸北部，
north cross Eastern Europe Asia's majority of lands.
地跨東歐北亞的大部分土地。
North near Arctic Ocean Balen, White sea, sea of Kela, sea of lapujef,
北臨北冰洋的巴倫支海、白海、喀拉海、拉普捷夫海,
east the Siberia sea and Chu Keqi the sea, east is close to the Pacific Ocean the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan,
東西伯利亞海和楚科奇海，東瀕太平洋的白令海、鄂霍次克海和日本海，
west shore Atlantic's Baltic Sea, Black Sea and Asian fast sea. With country and so on the Norway,
西濱大西洋的波羅的海、黑海和亞速海。
Finland, Poland, China, Mongolia, North Korea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belorussia, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerjan, Hasaksta is neighboring.
與挪威、芬蘭、波蘭、中國、蒙古、朝鮮、愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、白俄羅斯、烏克蘭、喬治亞、亞塞拜然、哈薩克等國家相鄰

Separates the sea and Japanese and American Alaska faces one another.
隔海與日本和美國阿拉斯加相望。
The area 17.1 million square kilometers, are in the world the region are most vast,
面積1710萬平方千米，是世界上地域最遼闊、面積最廣大的國家，
the area most general countries, approximately composes the world land total area 11.4%. Coastline long 34,000 kilometers.
約佔世界陸地總面積11.4%。海岸線長3.4萬千米。

㈦ 俄羅斯著名景點英語

聖彼得堡 Sankt Peterburg
莫斯科 Moscow
克里姆林宮 Moscow Kremlin

㈧ 介紹俄羅斯的英語作文要翻譯50個詞

我家階梯轉角有盆石榴花。它的葉子是橢圓形、小小的。枝頭上長滿了回花蕾，是要開花了。我好答高興！
有的才是花骨朵，綠、黃、紅色相間，像個五彩燈泡；更大的花骨朵兒，像一個小葫蘆，尖上已經有了一條裂紋；有的裂開小嘴，露出了一抹紅；有的正開著，只見包著花瓣的那層「皮」慢慢地向外翹，裡面的花瓣也跟著一片片張開，好像一個穿著裙子的小姑娘；有的殼翹得不能再翹了，花瓣也全張開了。我發現，石榴花的花瓣是紅色的，有6片。低頭聞了聞，有一股淡淡的清香。它的花蕊是黃色的。遠遠看去，像一位嬌艷的小公主。

㈨ 俄羅斯簡介（英文版）短

Russia Russian Rossiya, also the Russian Federation (Russian Rossiyskaya Federatsiya), is a transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. It is a semi-presidential republic comprising 83 federal subjects. Russia shares land borders with the following countries (counter-clockwise from northwest to southeast): Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast), Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerjan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It is also close to the U.S. state of Alaska, Sweden, Turkey and Japan across relatively small stretches of water.

At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is by far the largest country in the world, covering more than an eighth of the Earth』 land area; with 142 million people, it is the ninth largest by population. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 11 time zones and incorporating a great range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest mineral and energy resources, and is considered an energy superpower. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's unfrozen fresh water.

The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs. The Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by Vikings and their descendants, the first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th century and adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated and the lands were divided into many small feudal Russian states. The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was Moscow, which served as the main force in the Russian reunification process and independence struggle against the Golden Horde. Moscow graally reunified the surrounding Russian principalities and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation and exploration to become the huge Russian Empire, stretching from Poland eastward to the Pacific Ocean.

Russia established worldwide power and influence from the times of the Russian Empire to being the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first and largest constitutionally socialist state and a recognized superpower. The nation can boast a long tradition of excellence in every aspect of the arts and sciences. The Russian Federation was founded following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but is recognized as the continuing legal personality of the Soviet Union. Russia is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and a leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the G8. It is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the world's largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.

㈩ 用英文介紹俄羅斯的國家歷史、文化、風土人情等

中文:俄羅斯獨特的民俗風情"英文在下面喔"

俄羅斯人對酒懷有一種特殊的情結。女士們一般喜歡喝香檳酒和果酒，而伏特加則是男士們的至愛。俄羅斯人喜歡喝純粹的白酒，並喜歡大杯大杯地豪飲下去。這是他們豪爽浪漫、不拘小節性格的反映。

俄羅斯有用麵包和鹽迎接貴客的習慣。一進酒店，就見兩個象從童話里走出來的盛裝俄羅斯姑娘款款走上前，她們親切地行禮，然後遞給你一塊圓麵包，麵包上邊放著一個小鹽缸。您撕下一小塊麵包，沾上鹽吃了。用麵包和鹽接待客人，是因為鹽在歷史上是很昂貴的，沿襲至今，表示對貴客的友好和尊重。

套偶或套娃是俄羅斯最典型、最普及的民間工藝品之一。套偶是用彩色油漆加以描繪，大多穿傳統的俄羅斯民間服飾，包著頭巾，提著小花籃，煞是鮮艷可愛。套娃的價格隨著木頭的質量和製作工藝的精細程度不同，便宜的有1至3美元。

俄羅斯的人名常常令中國人頭痛，俄羅斯的姓名全部由名字，父稱和姓三部分組成，又有小名，愛稱和呢稱，名字相當於中國人的大名，即正式名字。大名與小名，愛稱是相互對應的。在實際交流中，直呼大名是非常必要的。蘇聯時期，最常用的稱呼是同志和公民，而如今，男士和女士則是常用的，「母申娜」即男人，男士的讀音，「接物什嘎」則是女士，姑娘、小姐的稱呼。從十幾歲到五、六十歲都可以用，對上了年紀的女性，千萬別叫人家老奶奶「巴布希嘎」，那是極不禮貌的，俄羅斯怕別人說她老。對小夥子，可直呼「年輕人」。

禮儀方面，送鮮花是最佳的禮物，可一定要記住，送花一定要送單數。巧克力則是萬能的禮物，價值不必太高，正應了「禮輕情義重」。中國人若給親戚朋友帶禮物，木套娃娃是首選。木套娃娃也叫「瑪特遼什卡」，是由小到大一層一層套起來的。大披肩、木雕製品，軍服、軍用水壺、紀念章、水晶製品，以及望遠鏡，夜視儀、工藝手錶、懷表等。大個的還有俄式茶飲。俄制的伏特加酒也是上好的禮物。

英語：Russia's unique folk customsThe russians on wine have a special complex. Ladies generally like to drink champagne and wine, and vodka is men's most beloved. Russians like pure white wine, and like mugs big cup to drink down. This is their gracious romantic, informal section of the character of the reflection.Russia useful bread and salt to meet the honored guest habit. A the hotel, and beheld two from a fairy tales out of the Russian girl dressed tender go forward, they affectionately smartly, then handed you a piece of bread rolls, put a little above salt cylinder. You piece of bread with the salt to eat. With bread and salt reception guests, because salt in history is very expensive, has followed so far, say to the honored guest friendly and respect.Set of OuHuo sets conditions is Russia's most typical, one of the most popular folk handicraft. Set of accidentally is using color paint describe, mostly to wear traditional Russian folk dress wrapped head scarf, carrying a-tisket, very bright and lovely. Sets conditions price with wood quality and proction process, fine different degree of cheap has $1 to $3.Russia's names always make Chinese headache, Russia's name all by name, the father says and last name three components, and have great gabito, nickname and say, name is equivalent to the Chinese name, namely formal name. Name and great gabito, nickname is mutual correspond. In the actual exchange, to keep shout name is very necessary. The Soviet period, most commonly called a comrade and citizen, and nowadays, men and women are common, "mother ShenNa" namely man, man pronunciation, "connect content assorted honk" is a lady, girl, miss titles. The teen years to five, sixty years old, can use for older women, don't call somebody else granny "ba bush quack,", that is highly polite, Russia are afraid of being said she old. For boys, can keep shout "youth".Etiquette, send a flower is the greatest of gifts, but must remember, flower must send singular. Chocolate is universal gift, value needn't too high, should be "that counts. Chinese if give relatives and friends to bring a gift, wood set of dolls are preferred. Wood of doll also called "matvey, liao assorted card", is small to large layer sets up. Shawl, wood procts, uniforms, the military kettle, mementoes, crystal procts, as well as telescopes, night-vision goggles, craft watches, pocket watch, etc. Large and Russian tea drink. Of Russian of vodka is the best gift.