故宮優秀景點介紹ppt

『壹』 故宮建築特點要ppt

北京故宮，原名紫禁城，是明清兩朝的皇宮，位於北京市中心，前通天安門，後倚景山，東近王府井街市，西臨中南海。

建築的藝術語言和表現手段非常豐富，包括空間、形體、比例、均衡、節奏、色彩、裝飾等許多因素，正是它們共同構成了建築藝術的造型美。下面我們就從這些方面來欣賞故宮建築藝術的造型美。

故宮的建築藝術主要是群體組合的藝術，群體間的聯系、過渡、轉換，構成了豐富的鋪陳展開的空間序列。

故宮總體分為南部的「前朝」和北部的「後寢」兩部分。南部以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿三大殿為中心，兩側輔以文華、武英兩殿，是皇帝上朝接受朝賀、接見群臣和舉行大型典禮的地方。

三大殿建在高8米多的呈「工」字形的須彌座式三層平台上，四周環繞著石雕欄桿，氣勢磅礴，為故宮中最壯觀的建築群，表現出不同凡響的崇高地位。其中太和殿是故宮中等級最高，體量最大的建築，也是我國現存的一座最大的古代木結構殿宇。

北半部則以乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮後三宮及東、西六宮和御花園為中心，其外東側有奉先殿、皇極殿等，西側有養心殿、雨花閣、慈寧宮等，是皇帝與後妃、皇子和公主們居住、舉行祭祀和宗教活動以及處理日常政務的地方。

由天安門、端門、午門的前序、太和門的過渡、到太和殿、中和殿、保和殿的高潮、再經過乾清門的過度到乾清宮的高潮，最後以御花園結尾幾個部分組成，抑揚頓挫一氣貫通。
總之，簡單一點的說的話就是建築體現了極大的對稱性，突出了皇權的至高無上

『貳』 故宮英文介紹ppt

故宮.The.Palace.Museum ※

What strikes one first in a bird's -eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years--from1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.

Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.

The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and concted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.

The main entrance to the Palace is the Meridian Gate(1), which was so named because the emperor considered himself the "Son of the Heaven" and the Palace the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the Meridian line going right through the Palace. The gate is crowned with five towers, commonly known as the Five-Phoenix Towers(2), which were installed with drums and bells. When the emperor went to the Temple of Heaven, bells were struck to mark this important occasion. When he went to the Ancestral Temple, it was the drums that were beaten to publicize the event.

Beyond the Meridian Gate unfolds a vast courtyard across which the Inner Golden Water River runs from east to west. The river is spanned by five bridges, which were supposed to be symbols of the five virtues preached by Confucius--benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity(3).

At the north end of the courtyard is a three-tiered white marble terrace, seven meters above the ground, on which, one after another, stand three majestic halls; the Hall of Supreme Harmony(4), the Hall of Complete Harmony(5), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony(6).

The Hall of Supreme Harmony, rectangular in shape, 27 meters in height, 2,300 square meters in area, is the grandest and most important hall in the Palace complex. It is also China's largest existing palace of wood structure and an outstanding example of brilliant color combinations. This hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies which marked great occasions: the Winter Solstice, the Spring Festival, the emperor's birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles, etc. On such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the Hall that extended all the way to the Meridian gate.

On the north face of the hall in the center of four coiled-golden dragon columns is the "Golden Throne", which was carved out of sandalwood. The throne rests on a two-meter-high platform with a screen behind it. In front of it, to the left and right, stand ornamental cranes, incense burners and other ornaments. The dragon columns entwined with golden dragons measure one meter in diameter. The throne itself, the platform and the screen are all carved with dragon designs. High above the throne is a color-painted coffered ceiling which changes in shape from square to octagonal to circular as it ascends layer upon layer. The utmost central vault is carved with the gilded design of a dragon toying with pearls. when the Emperor mounted the throne, gold bells and jade chimes sounded from the gallery, and clouds of incense rose from the bronze cranes and tortoises and tripods outside the hall on the terrace. The aura of majesty created by the imposing architecture and solemn ritual were designed to keep the subjects of the "Son of the Heaven" in awe and reverence.

The Hall of Complete Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. Here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies. It is followed by the Hall of Preserving Harmony in which banquets and imperial examinations were held.

Behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony lies a huge marble ramp with intertwining clouds and dragons carved in relief. The slab, about 6.5 meters long, 3 meters wide and 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperor's sedan was carried up or down the terrace. It is the largest piece of stone carving in the Imperial Palace. Quarried in the mountains scores of kilometers southwest of Beijing, this gigantic stone was moved to the city by sliding it over a specially paved ice road in winter. To provide enough water to build the ice road, wells were sunk at very 500 meters along the way.

The three halls of the Inner Palace are replicas of the three halls in the front, but smaller in size. They are the Palace of Heavenly Purity(7), the Hall of Union(8), and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility(9).

The Palace of Heavenly Purity was once the residence of the Ming emperors and the first two of the Qing emperors. Then the Qing Emperor Yong Zheng moved his residence to the Palace of Mental Cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. The promotion and demotion of officials were also decided in this hall. After the emperor's death his coffin was placed here for a 49-day period of mourning.

The Palace of Union was the empress's throne room and the Hall of Earthly Tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. The west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first two nights after their wedding.

The Imperial Garden was laid out ring the early Ming dynasty. Hundreds of pines and cypresses offer shade while various flowers give colors to the garden all year round and fill the air with their fragrance. In he center of the garden is the Hall of Imperial Peace, a Daoist temple, with a flat roof slightly sloping down to the four eaves. This type of roof was rare in ancient Chinese architecture. In he northeastern corner of the garden is a rock hill, known as the Hill of the Piled-up Wonders, which is topped with a pavilion. At the foot of the hill are two fountains which jet two columns of water high into the air. It is said that on the ninth night of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the empress would mound the hill to enjoy the autumn scene. It is also believed that climbing to a high place on that day would keep people safe from contagious diseases.

The six Western Palaces were residences for empresses and concubines. They are kept in their original way for show. The six Eastern Palaces were the residences for them too. But now they serve as special museums: the Museum of Bronze, the Museum of Porcelain and the Museum of Arts and Crafts of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the northeastern-most section of the Inner Palace are the Museum of Traditional Chinese Paintings and the Museum of Jewelry and Treasures where rare pieces of imperial collections are on display.

Now the Forbidden City is no longer forbidding, but inviting. A visit to the Palace Museum will enrich the visitors' knowledge of history, economy, politics, arts as well as architecture in ancient China.

Notes:

1. the Meridian Gate 午門
2. the Five-Phoenix Towers 五鳳樓
3. benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity 仁、義、禮、智、信
4. the Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿
5. the Hall of Complete Harmony 中和殿
6. the Hall of Preserving Harmony 保和殿
7. the Palace of Heavenly Purity 乾清宮
8. the Hall of Union 交泰殿
9. the Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤寧宮

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『叄』 北京故宮景點的詳細介紹

1、乾清宮

內廷後三宮之一。始建於明永樂十八年（1420年），明清兩代曾因數次被焚毀而重建，現有建築為清嘉慶三年（1798年）所建。

乾清宮為黃琉璃瓦重檐廡殿頂，座落在單層漢白玉石台基之上，連廊面闊9間，進深5間，建築面積1400平方米，自檯面至正脊高20餘米

，檐角置脊9個。殿前寬敞的月台上，左右分別有銅龜、銅鶴，日晷、嘉量，前設鎏金香爐4座，正中出丹陛，接高台甬路與乾清門相連。

2、交泰殿

內廷後三宮之一，位於乾清宮和坤寧宮之間，約為明嘉靖年間建。交泰殿平面為方形，深、廣各3間。明間設寶座，上懸康熙帝御書「無為」匾，寶座後有板屏一面，上書乾隆帝御制《交泰殿銘》。

3、坤寧宮

內廷後三宮之一，始建於明永樂十八年（1420年），清沿明制於順治二年（1645年）重修，順治十二年（1655年）仿沈陽盛京清寧宮再次重修。坤寧宮座北面南，面闊連廊9間，進深3間，黃琉璃瓦重檐廡殿頂。明代是皇後的寢宮。

(3)故宮優秀景點介紹ppt擴展閱讀：

故宮的修建

明永樂五年（1407年），明成祖朱棣下令營造宮城，一項浩大的工程就此啟動。建造宮殿所需的木料來自浙江、江西、湖南、湖北、四川等地，由山上砍伐下來之後，經由各地區的河道先運送入長江，順長江自西而東漂送到大運河，再經大運河北上。

建材中最難採集和運輸的是石料。「大量的台基、台階、欄桿所需要的石料稱為漢白玉，這種白色石料產地集中在河北曲陽，離北京有400里之遙。巨大而沉重的石料遠距離運送，當時確非易事。

聰明的工匠想出了旱船滑冰的辦法，即在沿路打井，利用冬季天寒地凍，取井水潑地成冰，用旱船載石，在冰上用人力拉拽前進。

」三大殿前後的御道石，長16米，寬3.17米，重200餘噸，為了運送這塊最大的巨石，動用了民工兩萬餘人，沿途挖井140餘口……備料工作持續了近10年，現場施工才大規模地開始。把備料和現場施工加在一起，前後歷時13年，紫禁城建成完工。

『肆』 關於故宮介紹的ppt

故宮始建於公元1406，1420年基本竣工，是明朝皇帝朱棣始建。故宮南北長961米，東西寬753米，面積約為725,000平方米。建築面積15.5萬平方米。相傳故宮一共有9999.5間，實際據1973年專家現場測量故宮有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共計8704間（而此「間」並非現今房間之概念，此處「間」指四根房柱所形成的空間）。宮城周圍環繞著高12米，長3400米的宮牆，形式為一長方形城池，牆外有52米寬的護城河環繞，形成一個森嚴壁壘的城堡。故宮宮殿建築均是木結構、黃琉璃瓦頂、青白石底座，飾以金碧輝煌的彩畫。故宮有4個門，正門名午門，東門名東華門，西門名西華門，北門名神武門。面對北門神武門，有用土、石築成的景山，滿山松柏成林。在整體布局上，景山可說是故宮建築群的屏障。

故宮的建築依據其布局與功用分為「外朝」與「內廷」兩大部分。「外朝」與「內廷」以乾清門為界，乾清門以南為外朝，以北為內廷。故宮外朝、內廷的建築氣氛迥然不同。

外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿為中心，是皇帝舉行朝會的地方，也稱為「前朝」。是封建皇帝行使權力、舉行盛典的地方。此外兩翼東有文華殿、文淵閣、上駟院、南三所；西有武英殿、內務府等建築。

內廷以乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮後三宮為中心，兩翼為養心殿、東、西六宮、齋宮、毓慶宮，後有御花園。是封建帝王與後妃居住之所。內廷東部的寧壽宮是當年乾隆皇帝退位後養老而修建。內廷西部有慈寧宮、壽安宮等。此外還有重華宮，北五所等建築。

建築特色
故宮嚴格地按《周禮·考工記》中「前朝後市，左祖右社」的帝都營建原則建造。整個故宮，在建築布置上，用形體變化、高低起伏的手法，組合成一個整體。在功能上符合封建社會的等級制度。同時達到左右均衡和形體變化的藝術效果。中國建築的屋頂形式是豐富多彩的，在故宮建築中，不同形式的屋頂就有10種以上。以3大殿為例，屋頂各不相同。故宮建築屋頂滿鋪各色琉璃瓦件。主要殿座以黃色為主。綠色用於皇子居住區的建築。其它藍、紫、黑、翠以及孔雀綠、寶石藍等五色繽紛的琉璃，多用在花園或琉璃壁上。太和殿屋頂當中正脊的兩端各有琉璃吻獸，穩重有力地吞住大脊。吻獸造型優美，是構件又是裝飾物。一部分瓦件塑造出龍鳳、獅子、海馬等立體動物形象，象徵吉祥和威嚴，這些構件在建築上起了裝飾作用。

故宮前部宮殿，當時建築造型要求宏偉壯麗，庭院明朗開闊，象徵封建政權至高無上，太和殿坐落在紫禁城對角線的中心，故宮的設計者認為這樣以顯示皇帝的威嚴，震懾天下。後部內廷卻要求庭院深邃，建築緊湊，因此東西六宮都自成一體，各有宮門宮牆，相對排列，秩序井然，再配以宮燈聯對，綉榻幾床，都是體現適應豪華生活需要的布置。內廷之後是宮後苑。後苑裡有歲寒不雕的蒼松翠柏，有秀石迭砌的玲瓏假山，樓、閣、亭、榭掩映其間，幽美而恬靜。

故宮宮殿是沿著一條南北向中軸線排列，三大殿、後三宮、御花園都位於這條中軸線上。並向兩旁展開，南北取直，左右對稱。這條中軸線不僅貫穿在紫禁城內，而且南達永定門，北到鼓樓、鍾樓，貫穿了整個城市，氣魄宏偉，規劃嚴整，極為壯觀。

故宮是幾百年前勞動人民智能和血汗的結晶。初建時被奴役的勞動者有工匠十萬，夫役百萬。在當時社會生產條件下，能建造這樣宏偉高大的建築群，充分反映了中國古代勞動人民的高度智能和創造才能。同時，為了修建故宮，如所需的木材，在明代時，大多采自四川、廣西、廣東、雲南、貴州等地，無數勞動人民被迫在崇山峻嶺中的原始森林裡，伐運木材。所用石料多采自北京遠郊和距京郊二三百里的山區。每塊石料往往重達幾噸甚至幾十、幾百噸，如現在保和殿後檐的台階，有一塊雲龍雕石重約250噸。

建築學家們認為故宮的設計與建築，實在是一個無與倫比的傑作，它的平面布局，立體效果，以及形式上的雄偉、堂皇、庄嚴、和諧，建築氣勢雄偉、豪華壯麗，是中國古代建築藝術的精華。它標志著中國悠久的文化傳統，顯示著五百多年前匠師們在建築上的卓越成就。

『伍』 故宮博物館的ppt

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『陸』 北京故宮簡介,(PPT用)

http://ke..com/view/5681.htm

『柒』 過北京旅遊景點介紹ppt沒

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『捌』 故宮里一些著名景點的介紹

故宮是很多人暑假旅遊去的地方，大家都知道，故宮就是以前皇帝住的地方。明清兩代的皇宮，是我國現存最大最完整的皇宮。迄今已經近600年歷經24個皇帝。故宮被譽為世界五大宮之首（其他四個是法國凡爾賽宮、英國白金漢宮、美國白宮、俄羅斯克里姆林宮）。

故宮外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿為中心，文華、武英殿為兩翼，是皇帝舉行大典和召見群臣、行使權力的主要場所。

目前故宮開放區域有限，只有前三殿、後三宮、御花園、慈寧宮等部分院落開放。珍寶館、鍾表館等室內展廳、城牆等都沒有開放。

前年我們一家三口去北京遊玩，去了故宮，進了故宮每個人可以拿一個解說器，解說器中會向你解說故宮各處房屋的介紹，你走到哪，它就會向你介紹眼前的景點。

故宮博物院

故宮值得一看的地方非常多，如果有興趣還是自己親自去看了才知道。